FOUNDERS: Diane and Michael Fagen

Contact Info: dianef84@yahoo.com

Home

Introduction

Our Mission and our Goals

The Precautionary Principle

What is a Reportable Disease

Health of Animals Act, SC 1990, c 21

List of Reportable Diseases and REGULATIONS PRESCRIBING CERTAIN DISEASES AS REPORTABLE DISEASES

Public Health Act

My Blog

Links

ree Republic/News Activism/Topics - Post Article

Research

La Presse,  April 8, 2001,  Never in My Milk? by Marie France Coutu

The Canadian Media

Canadian Medical and Government

Canadian Veterinary

CTV News Report, September  4th, 2001, Researchers Link Cow's Milk to Crohn's Disease

Let's Talk

Taking Action

The Message Board

Link To Us

Does Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis cause Crohn's disease by Alan Kennedy  

(PARA) PARATUBERCULOSIS AWARENESS & RESEARCH ASS.,INC

International Ass. for Paratuberculosis Copyright © 1999-2001

Shafran's Gasterology Center

The Johne's Information Center

History of Early Research on Crohn's disease

Dr. B. Crohn

Got Milk? by Michael Greger, MD Updated January 2001

THE CROHN'S CONNECTION  by Lisa Chamberlain

Dire Warnings About Johne’s
Disease A wake-up call for the dairy industry?

Micobacteria and Crohn's Disease

Dr. Chiodini's Tables

American and European Links

University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine

Health Canada

ACTION RESEARCH

FOOD STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

University of Guelph

NACC

Founded September 2001, updated January 5, 2011

Please Note: Please accept my apologies and disregard any advertising on this website, as someone has been hacking into my site and posting it.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I am presenting trying to stop them. Thank you

We at MAP-Canada would like to dedicate this site to Doctor Rod Chiodini (U.S.A.) and
Doctor John Hermon-Taylor of the U.K. and to my husband Michael Fagen, who lost his 27
year valiant battle against Crohn's disease on May 11th, 2003. SCIENCE IN PROFILE: PROF THOMAS BORODY (01/04/2010) Prof. Thomas Borody is the founder and Medical Director of CDD.(Center for Digestive Diseases. His keen interest in medical research led to the establishment of the Centre so as to provide both diagnostic procedures and effective treatments.

Dr Rod Chiodini (Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA) and Prof. John Hermon-
Taylor (St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK) are two of the most prominent proponents of an
association between M. paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease. Indeed it was Chiodini and his co-workers who
, in 1984, successfully cultured the first two strains of M. paratuberculosis in the USA from patients with Crohn's disease. Since then this organism has been sporadically cultured from humans with Crohn's disease and a total of 10 isolates of M. paratuberculosis had been cultured from patients with Crohn's disease in the USA, Australia , the Netherlands and France (Chiodini, 1989).

Join Us In Our Fight with the Canadian Government to add Johne's disease in cattle to their Reportable
Diseases List, in order to eliminate this bacterium from the Canadian Food Chain.

Researchers in many parts of the world have found a link between Crohn's disease in humans and Johne's
disease in cattle. This bacterium is called MAP (Mycobacterium avium Paratuberculosis). This bacterium has
been found in the breast milk of breastfeeding mothers with Crohns.  It has been found in the resected tissues
of the intestinal tract of Crohn's sufferers and it has been found in milk after pasteurization, the following
websites will give you the details

The evidence contained in this site, gives the Canadian Government an obligation to study this bacterium
further.Our pasteurization process has to be retested to ensure that Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis
(Map) is eliminated from our milk.

A Canadian Perspective on the Precautionary Approach/Principle

n the fall of 2001, the Government of Canada released a Discussion Document on the interpretation and implementation of the precautionary principle/approach. This document aims to clarify and formalise Canada's position on the precautionary principle.

In addition, is the Canadian Pasteurization process efficient enough to kill this bacterium, if it is in our milk?
  Many renowned doctors and scientists in the field of Crohn's and Johne's (yo-neez) from all over the world
say we have cause for concern. How about our water, is this bacterium in our water?

Once again, the Canadian Government has not tested our Pasteurization Process for milk to assure Canadians
that our milk is free from MAP, Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberculosis. WHY?In the United Kingdom
researcher's have found the MAP bacterium in a percentage of pasteurized milk at the retail level.

Discussion Forum Please join our messageboard by clicking on this link

Please let me introduce myself. My name is Diane Fagen and I founded Map-Canada in 2001. My late
husband, Michael Fagen suffered from Crohn's since 1977. He had 5 surgeries and many admissions,
because of crohn's disease. Since that time I have spent endless hours trying to bring awareness of the
link between Johne's disease in cattle and and Crohn's disease in humans. There has been article after
article published by very dedicated researcher's around the world, but to no avail, here in Canada it has
been very slow going. Granted the Canadian government is very well aware of the problem with
mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, but for some reason or other, probably politics, the pasteurization
process in milk has not changed and even if Canadian's did have access to the R.M.A.T. treatment,
( a combination of 3 or 4 antibiotics) and did go into remission, they would be reinfected, as the bacterium
is still in our foodchain.

A Brief History On Crohn's Disease

Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1990 Mar;4(1):23-42................ Molecular biology of Crohn's disease myco-
bacteria. Hermon-Taylor J, Moss M, Tizard M, Malik Z, Sanderson J. A Glasgow surgeon, T.K. Dalziel,
published a detailed description of chronic enteritis in humans in 1913. He proposed that the disease was
caused by the same organisms as those responsible for
chronic enteritis, Johne's disease, in animals described a few years earlier (1895). Dalziel's dilemma was that
he could see acid-fast bacilli in the diseased animal tissues but not in the diseased human tissues. Little real
progress in the medical understanding of the causes of chronic enteritis in humans occurred over the next half
a century or more. From 1978, a decade of research in many laboratories using improved methods for the
culture of environmental mycobacteria showed that these could be grown in bacillary form from about one in
five cases of Crohn's disease, from the same proportion of cases of ulcerative colitis, and from about one in
ten control tissues. Spheroplasts were grown from two in five cases of Crohn's disease, one in five cases of
ulcerative colitis, and rarely from control tissues. The nature of these agents was often uncertain. We describe
work which began in 1985 and led rapidly to the identification of IS900, a DNA repetitive element in an
uncharacterized Crohn's disease mycobacterial isolate. With other isolates, these were then shown by DNA
fingerprinting to be indistinguishable from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Johne's bacillus. Similar techniques
also demonstrated the wood-pigeon strain of M. avium in some Crohn's disease cultures. This bacillus can also
cause chronic enteritis in calves. IS900 is the first of a family of unusual DNA insertion sequences which extend
widely throughout environmental mycobacteria. Use of assays based on PCR
amplification of highly specific DNA sequences from these insertional elements, and recombinant and synthetic
peptides from their predicted proteins, will revolutionize the detection and characterization of these agents.
These methods, applied to animal, human and environmental samples, will indicate new ways for the prevention
and treatment of chronic enteritis, as well as other disorders associated with infections by environmental
mycobacteria.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!

CROHN'S VACCINE APPEAL: Support the development of this treatment. Professor John Hermon-Taylor of Saint George's, University of London, is appealing for help to fund the final stages of development of a new Crohn's vaccine, which is now ready to proceed to human clinical trials

How you can help: To help raise the funds needed to develop this treatment, you can make a donation directly to St George's. Cheques can be made payable to St George's University of London, with the reference CROHNS A/C RLB0057 on the back. Send your donation to: Professor John Hermon-Taylor St George's University of London Cranmer Terrace LONDON, SW17 0RE St George's, University of London is a Tax Exempt Charity No: X66491. All donations received are used for research. For further information on SGUL please contact Mark Bery, SGUL Finance Director, on +44 020 8725 5024 or mbery@sgul.ac.uk. You can also help by signing the online petition to the government for funding.

You Tube: "Lacasastudios" New videos of John Hermon Taylor's latest Interview

Part 1 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

Part 2 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

Part 3 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor.

Part 4 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

Part 5 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

Part 6 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

Part 7 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

Part 8 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

Part 9 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

Part 10 CROHN Vs M.A.P. Interview John Hermon Taylor

You Tube:

Trailer Professor John Hermon Taylor CROHN vs M.A.P.

Part 1-CROHN M.A.P. by John Hermon Taylor

Part 2-CROHN M.A.P. by John Hermon Taylor

Part 3-CROHN M.A.P. by John Hermon Taylor

Part 4-CROHN M.A.P. by John Hermon Taylor

Part 5-CROHN M.A.P. by John Hermon Taylor

The three articles below represent three patents on potential vaccines for map.

Article: US Patent Issued on Dec. 7 for "Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Vaccines and
Methods of Using the Same" (New Jersey Inventor) Article from:US Fed News Service, Including US State
News Article date:December 21, 2010CopyrightCopyright © HT Media Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Provided by
ProQuest LLC. All inquiries regarding rights or concerns about this content should be directed to Customer
Support. (Hide copyright information) "The invention relates to vaccine compositions composed of at least one Mycobacterium
avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antigen, or attenuated or killed MAP for use in methods of immunizing a human against a MAP infection

ALEXANDRIA, Va., Dec. 15 -- United States Patent no. 7,851,170, issued on Dec. 14, 2010 was assigned to
United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture (Washington). "Hybridomas Producing
Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibodies to Detect Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis" was
invented by John P. Bannantine (Ames, Iowa).

Article: US Patent Issued to Cornell Research Foundation on Dec. 28 for "Compositions for Eliciting an Immune
Response Against Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis" (New York Inventor) Article from:US
Fed News Service, Including US State News Article date:January 1, 2011CopyrightCopyright © HT Media Ltd
. All Rights Reserved. Provided by ProQuest LLC. All inquiries regarding rights or concerns about this content
should be directed to Customer Support. (Hide copyright information)

The Chronic Crohns Campaign

Fantastic news this week as the Professor John Hermon-Taylor has had a major scientific
breakthrough.The new Smart Test developed by him detects and quantifies MAP in Crohn's
sufferers.So far it has found 100s of MAP in a sufferer. The only down side to this is, we
have to raise £120.000 to finally establish this essential new test for Crohns sufferers.

This is a major breakthrough, as it was pcrs & cultures used before to detect MAP in a
Crohns sufferer, and the sceptics were always not convinced on the MAP as the cause of
Crohns. Well this will surely bang the message right home and add to the positive outcome
of Crohns sufferers, and make it a lot easier in diagnosis. It is so important now that people
get behind this new science and make the change for Crohns sufferers. Back to more
fundraising again, will update you when i know more.

Wish To Help Out ?

Please send a cheque payable to "King's College London" mailed direct to Prof John Hermon-Taylor
at the address below, or to Tim Page @ TCCC.UK. He will / can send you an email Gift Aid Form
for UK taxpayers, the fund can recoup the tax usually about 28%.

Professor John Hermon-Taylor,
Division of Nutritional Sciences,
Franklin-Wilkins Building,
King's College London,
150. Stamford Street,
London, SE1 9NH.

Tel :+44 (0)20 7848 4552 (office)

Best wishes Tim TCCC.UK - The Campaign Backing Prof John Hermon Taylor. " Chronic Crohns
CampaignUK " group on facebook now along with Crohns Research UK and several other FB groups
all listed on the groups info page.The Chronic Crohns Campaign UK. Now Available : New Crohns
Campaign Book - Tim Page Crusader. http://www.communigate.co.uk/sussex/thechroniccrohnscampaignuk
NEW - http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/tcccuk/ Raising Awareness & Funds For Crohns Disease
Across The World

A Novel Multi-Antigen Virally Vectored Vaccine against Mycobacterium aviumSubspecies paratuberculo-
sis Tim J. Bull1, Sarah C. Gilbert2, Saranya Sridhar2, Richard Linedale1, Nicola Dierkes1, Karim
Sidi-Boumedine1, John Hermon-Taylor1*

1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-Surgery,
St George’s University of London,
London, United Kingdom,
2Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics,
Nuffield Department of Medicine,
University of Oxford,
Oxford, United Kingdom:

Background.Mycobacterium aviumsubspecies paratuberculosiscauses systemic infection and chronic intestinal
inflammation in many species including primates. Humans are exposed through milk and from sources of
environmental contamination. Hitherto, the only vaccines available againstMycobacterium aviumsubspecies
paratuberculosishave been limited to veterinary use and comprised attenuated or killed organisms.Methods.
We developed a vaccine comprising a fusion construct designated HAV, containing components of two
secreted and two cell surfaceMycobacterium aviumsubspecies paratuberculosisproteins. HAV was transformed
into DNA, human Adenovirus 5 (Ad5) and Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) delivery vectors. Full length
expression of the predicted 95 kDa fusion protein was confirmed.Principal Findings. Vaccination of nai ¨ve
and Mycobacterium aviumsubspecies paratuberculosisinfected C57BL/6 mice using DNA-prime/MVA-boost
or Ad5- prime/MVA-boost protocols was highly immunogenic resulting in significant IFN-c ELISPOT responses
by splenocytes against recombinant vaccine antigens and a range of HAV specific peptides. This included
strong recognition of a T-cell epitope GFAEINPIA located near the C-terminus of the fusion protein. Antibody
responses to recombinant vaccine antigens and HAV specific peptides but not GFAEINPIA, also occurred. No
immune recognition of vaccine antigens occurred in any sham vaccinatedMycobacterium aviumsubspecies
paratuberculosisinfected mice. Vaccination using either protocol significantly attenuated pre-existing
Mycobacterium aviumsubspecies paratuberculosisinfection measured by qPCR in spleen and liver and the
Ad5-prime/MVA-boost protocol also conferred some protection against subsequent challenge. No adverse
effects of vaccination occurred in any of the mice.Conclusions/Significance. A range of modern veterinary
and clinical vaccines for the treatment and prevention of disease caused byMycobacterium aviumsubspecies
paratuberculosisare needed. The present vaccine proved to be highly immunogenic without adverse effect in
mice and both attenuated pre-existing Mycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis infection and
conferred protection against subsequent challenge. Further studies of the present vaccine in naturally infected
animals and humans are indicated. Citation: Bull TJ, Gilbert SC, Sridhar S, Linedale R, Dierkes N, et al (2007)
A Novel Multi-Antigen Virally Vectored Vaccine againstMycobacterium avium Subspeciesparatuberculosis.
PLoS ONE 2(11): e1229. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001229

Bovine Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) Information Sources Version 2.3 Updated April 05, 2010:
Purpose: The purpose is to provide links to on-line bovine paratuberculosis materials for students, for livestock
producers and for their veterinarians. Please let me know if you find materials I've overlooked or if I've made an error.
This webpage does not provide herd-specific advice and likely does not reflect the current veterinary literature or
on-line materials. I have not verified the accuracy and usefulness of these items below so you must use your own
judgment. If you are not qualified to do so, please discuss them with someone who is. If you are a producer, this should
include being familiar with your operation and the infection situation in your herd. Inclusion does not imply
endorsement nor does omission imply disapproval. Contents: •On-Line Paratuberculosis Documents •
Calf Milk Pasteurization •State Control Programs / Information Centers •Other Relevant Sites

GUT PATHOGENS: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Crohn's disease and the Doomsday Scenario John Hermon-Taylor, Gut Pathogens 2009, 1:15doi:10.1186/1757-4749-1-15, Published: 14 July 2009 Abstract (provisional) Johne's disease is chronic inflammation of the intestine caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Infection and disease are mainly in domestic livestock but can affect many species including primates. Johne's is a new disease which emerged at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and principally involved Europe and North America. It has since spread to former low incidence regions to become a global problem. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammation of the intestine in humans which emerged in Europe and North America mid 20th century and increased to become a major healthcare problem. It has now spread to former low incidence regions. Infected animals shed Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk and into the environment. Human populations are widely exposed. Outcomes maybe influenced by microbial phenotype. Exposure to extracellular forms of these pathogens may confer some natural protection; exposure to intracellular forms which have passaged through milk macrophages or environmental protists may pose a greater threat to humans particularly individuals with an inherited or acquired susceptibility. Hot spots of human disease such as in Winnipeg which sits on rock at the junction of two rivers may result from local exposure to high levels of waterborne pathogens brought down from farmland. When appropriate methods are used most people with Crohn's disease are found to be infected. There are no data which demonstrate that these pathogens are harmless to humans. An overwhelming balance of probability and Public health risk favours the conclusion that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is also pathogenic for people. A two tier co-operative pathogenic mechanism is proposed in Crohn's disease. Intracellular infection with the primary pathogen widely distributed throughout the gut causes an immune dysregulation and a specific chronic enteric neuropathy with loss of mucosal integrity. Segments of gross inflammatory disease result from the perturbed neuroimmune response to penetration into the gut wall of secondary pathogens from the lumen. These include both normal gut organisms and educated members of the enteric microbiome such as more aggressive E. coli. More new diseases may arise from failure to apply a range of remedial measures to this longstanding zoonotic problem. The complete article is available at http://www.gutpathogens.com/content/pdf/1757-4749-1-15.pdf

What is the Crohn's Disease Initiative? A Message from Dr. Chiodini How Can I Help?

It has been almost 25-years since I first isolated M. paratuberculosis from a patient with Crohn's disease and
suggested that this organism might be the cause of some cases of Crohn's disease. Since that time, I have
seen this suggestion turn into a hostile controversy created in large part by the loss of objectivity on both sides
of the issue. After over 15-years, it is now clear to me that this issue will not be resolved absent my presence.
As such, I have come out of retirement to lead The Crohn's Disease Initiative and bring an end to this
controversy ... .................Why should I help The Crohn's Disease Initiative? The notion that some cases of Crohn's disease are caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a highly controversal subject which makes the opportunities for significant funding rather limited. To adequately address this issue, in a sound and objective scientfic fashion, will require a substantial amount of money; more than we can expect to obtain from government or private funding sources. A valid clinical trial, for example, which can address the causality of M. paratuberculosis will cost well over $1 million to treat just 20 patients. We believe this controvery needs to be addressed for 2 very simple reasons: IF M. paratuberculosis is the cause of some cases of Crohn's disease, these patients have undergone over 25 years of needless duress and suffering because of a politically motivated controversy. A similar situation occurred with Helicobacter pylori and ulcers - Crohn's disease should not follow the same course. IF M. paratuberculosis is NOT the cause of some cases of Crohn's disease, a great deal of effort, resources, and money is being wasted in addressing this issue. If the controversy can be resolved and M. paratuberculosis is not a causative agent in Crohn's disease, then these efforts, resources and money can be devoted to more fruitfull efforts that may provide some relief to suffering patients................................................................................................................................................................. How Can I Help: If you are interested in helping us solve this problem, there are many things you can do to help and be an active participant in The Crohn's Disease Initiative. To accomplish our goals will require a great deal of effort and money, but doing nothing and allowing the issue to continue to linger will cost even more. To succeed, we are going to need your help and support. Learn why you should support our efforts and how you can help us solve this problem and question once and for all.

Youtube: Video Interview: Professor Thomas Borody Of Australia discusses M.A.P and
Crohn's: Parts 1 - 9 *******************

HEALTH CANADA: SCIENCE AND RESEARCH; 2.26 Evaluation of Current Evidence for
Human Exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and its Association with Crohn's
Disease (CD) B. Mihajlovic 1, J.M. Farber 1, H. Couture 1, T. Gleeson 1, and H. Lim 1

Summary: A qualitative analysis of scientific literature on potential sources of human exposure to MAP through
food and evidence for a cause-effect relationship between MAP and CD. The conclusions and recommendations
of the analysis could be used to develop strategies to reduce the risk of exposure to this potential human pathogen.

Impacts/Outcomes/Conclusions: Although data regarding the sources of MAP are limited,
it can be concluded that Canadians are likely being exposed to this organism
through the food supply. The document identifies knowledge gaps and recommends research to
answer questions related to human exposure to MAP in Canada. As a result of the outcomes of the risk profile,
an Expert Advisory Group on MAP has been established with the aim to develop and prioritize potential RM
options. This risk profile will ensure all relevant information is considered during the development of RM options.

A Novel Multi-Antigen Virally Vectored Vaccine against Mycobacterium avium Subspecies para-
tuberculosis Tim J. Bull1, Sarah C. Gilbert2, Saranya Sridhar2, Richard Linedale1, Nicola Dierkes1,
Karim Sidi-Boumedine1, John Hermon-Taylor1* 1 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-Surgery,
St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom, 2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics,
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom The vaccine consists of a
critically
important cassette of MAP DNA in two harmless carrier viruses called Ad5 and MVA. These carriers are
already
working in approved clinical trials with
other modern vaccines. In the CD vaccination treatment procedure, the Ad5 is given first and the MVA boost 6
weeks later. In multiple tests in mice over two years, the vaccine has consistently proved to be effective both in
treating existing MAP infection and protecting against subsequent MAP infection, without any side effects

We have come a long way and are nearly there. The vaccine will move to clinical trials and market development
over the next 3 years. Over this period there is an absolute scientific requirement to develop new quantitative
tests for MAP in humans, new immunological tests for MAP in humans, and tests for the specific immune
responses of people to the vaccine. Together these tests will establish proof of concept that anti-MAP
vaccination can make people with Crohn's disease better and it does so by depleting or eradicating the MAP
infection. This final essential piece of scientific research will require £600.000

CAN YOU PLEASE HELP ? If you can, please mail your cheque direct to Dr. John Hermon-Taylor payable to
“ King’s College London ” with the vaccine code JQA 1036 written on the back of cheque. The cheque can be
UK £s or any major currency, Thankyou. For additionnal information please see the website The Chronic
Crohn's Campaign

Youtube Video Parts 1 through 6: Mycobacteria and CD by Doctor Marcel Behr. Associate
Member, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill
University N.B This is an excellent video. Dr Behr explains Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis
very clearly and it is easily understood. Please watch it and give this information to anyone
else that could be interested.

June 9, 2008 Health Canada: 2.26 Evaluation of Current Evidence for Human Exposure to Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and its Association with Crohn’s Disease (CD) B. Mihajlovic1, J.M.
Farber1, H. Couture1, T. Gleeson1, and H. Lim1 1 Bureau of Microbial Hazards, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa
, ONT. / OUTPUTS/RESULTS: Canada has the highest rates of CD reported in the world todate. Foods derived
from cattle appear to be significant sources of human exposure to MAP. Presence of viable MAP has been
demonstrated in surveys of commercially pasteurized retail milk and cheese in both Europe and N. America.
Other potential environmental/zoonotic sources of MAP include beef, produce and water. In spite of the fact that
an increasing number of recent studies support the role of MAP in the etiology of human disease, a scientific
consensus on the cause-effect relationship has not been reached.

Health Canada: Bureau of Microbial Hazards, 2.26 Evaluation of Current Evidence for Human Exposure to
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and its Association with Crohn's Disease (CD) Bureau of
Microbial Hazards, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON

Health Canada: HC0353 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Raw Milk : Project Leader: Jeffrey Farber, Health
Canada: Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, E-mail: jeff_farber@hc-sc.gc.ca Starting Date
: 2003/04 Description: Identifying and managing risks for contamination at source of raw bulk tank milk,
exposure of neonates, and contamination of land and watercourses from high risk animals / farms is of concern
to dairy farmers and for the food industry. Although rapid molecular techniques have been developed, their
expense and technical challenges (inhibition of Polymerase Chain Reaction) has limited their widespread use
and application at farm level. There is a requirement for sensitive, rapid and cost-effective methods for
screening (biological and environmental samples) and detection of live M. paratuberculosis bacterium. This
project is funded under the Agricultural Policy Framework and is part of the Research in Support of Standard
Setting component

Health Canada: Bacterial Waterborne Pathogens - Current and Emerging Organisms of Concern

Current research suggests a possible role for Mac organisms in the development of Crohn's disease, an
inflammatory bowel disease similar to Johne's disease in sheep, cattle, and goats. Johne's disease is caused b
y M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis have been isolated from some
Crohn's patients. Although the evidence is still inconclusive, due mainly to difficulties in reliably detecting the
pathogen, improvements in detection methodologies are providing better evidence linking the pathogen to
Crohn's disease (Reynolds, 2001; Hermon-Taylor and El-Zaatari, 2004)

Paratuberculosis and Type I diabetes Is this the trigger? C. Thomas Dow MD * Department
of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53792, United

States Chippewa Valley Eye Clinic, 2715 Damon Street, Eau Claire, WI 54701, United
States Received 7 April 2006; accepted 12 April 2006 Summary Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is
an autoimmune disease. The etiology of T1DM is incompletely understood but environmental agent(s) are
thought to trigger T1DM in the genetically at risk. Exposure to cow’s milk early in life is a recognized risk factor
in the development of T1DM. Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the cause of bovine Johne’s
disease and also is thought to act as an immune antigen in Crohn’s disease and other granulomatous diseases
. MAP is shed in cow’s milk and has been shown to survive pasteurization. Genetic susceptibilities, epitope
homologies and epidemiologic studies are presented that support MAP as a causative agent of T1DM in the
genetically at risk. c 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

BREAKING NEWS!!!!!!!!A REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF
MICROBIOLOGY COLLOQUIUM Salem, Massachusetts, August 2008

MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS: Infrequent Human Pathogen or
Public Health Threat? This report is based on a colloquium, sponsored by the American
Academy of Microbiology, convened June 15-17, 2007, in Salem, Massachusetts There is
suspicion, supported by reports of genetic inability to interact appropriately with certain bacteria or bacterial
products in some patients, that CD may have a currently unrecognized infectious origin, perhaps
environmentally derived. That CD is a set of wide-ranging symptoms, more like a syndrome than a specific
disease, suggests that if its origin is microbial, more than one etiologic agent may ultimately be identified.
Bacterial suspects at the moment include a Mycobacterium and a variant of the normal bacterial flora of the
gut, Escherichia coli. The possibility of more than one infectious cause that leads to a similar set of symptoms
confounds the research agenda to find both a cause and a cure for CD. One acknowledged potential microbial
agent of CD is Mycobacterium avium
subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), a microorganism that causes a gastrointestinal disease similar to CD in
ruminants, including dairy cattle, called Johne’s disease (or paratuberculosis). People with CD have 7:1 odds
of having a documented presence of MAP in blood or gut tissues than those who do not have CD, thus the
association of MAP and CD is no longer in question (see Figure 1, page 11). The critical issue today is not
whether MAP is associated with CD, but whether MAP causes CD or is only incidentally present, not an
inciter or participant in the disease process. Please click on any line in this message to read the balance of this
paper.

ABC News Report LDN a "Wonder Drug?"By Ali Gorman

Hershey, Pa. -May 21, 2008 (WPVI) - It's a drug already helping thousands of people battle addiction, but many
people believe it also has the potential to help tens-of-thousands of patients with diseases like Crohn's,
Multiplesclerosis, Lupus, Parkinson's and HIV. Its called low dose naltrexone or LDN. Many patients who/ve tried
it said it works and doesn't have bad side effects. But getting it to a pharmacy near you could be difficult.
Click to read on or to watch the linked video......

The Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN) group is an announcement and discussion group for those interested in LDN, and who
wish to be notified about updates to the Low Dose Naltrexone website

July 8, 2008: AFTER WATCHING THIS CLIP, PLEASE TAKE THE TIME TO SEND IN YOUR
COMMENTS TO THE LINK BELOW: THE NATIONAL: HEALTH/EDUCATION ----Cattle and
Crohn's Connection? July 7, 2008 (Runs 6:39) Scientists say bacteria that cause wasting
disease in cattle may be in our food. But does it cause disease, specifically Crohn's Disease,
in humans? To watch this clip just click on any line in this message

Empowered Doctor: Crohn's disease and Cow's milk video from the University of Liverpool
Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that a bacteria present in cow's milk called Mycobacterium
paratubuerculosis releases a molecule that prevents a type of white blood cell from killing E.coli bacteria found
in the body. E.coli is known to be present in increased numbers within tissue affected by Crohn's disease. It is
believed that Mycobacteria are introduced into the body via cows' milk and other dairy products. Until recently,
it has been unclear how this bacterium could trigger intestinal inflammation in humans.

Breaking News: Washington Post: WEDNESDAY, Feb. 27 (HealthDay News) -- The
controversial multiple sclerosis drug Tysabri can start causing liver damage within six days of
the first dose, U.S. health officials said Wednesday. In January, the expanded the use of
Tysabri to treat Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammation of the digest

The Evidence for Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis in Crohn's Disease Posted 01/14/2008
Marcel A. Behr; Vivek Kapur Abstract Purpose of review: Though long hypothesized, the putative link
between Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease remains neither confirmed nor refuted.
This article reviews published contributions that directly or indirectly address this question.

Author Information Marcel A. Behra and Vivek Kapurb aDepartment of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
bDepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Huck Institute, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Disclosure: M.B. has no
conflict of interest or commercial association that may pose a conflict of interest. V.K. has a financial conflict of interest that results from issued and
pending patents on M. avium paratuberculosis DNA sequences uncovered during the genome sequencing project, and the licensing of this intellectual
to ANDX, Inc., a University of Minnesota based start-up company for which VK is a co-founder and stock-owner. The issued patents and pending
applications are jointly owned by the University of Minnesota and the US Department of Agriculture

QUEBEC: AGRICULTURES, PECHERIES ET ALIMENTATION translated

RESEAU D'ALERTS ET DINFORMATION ZOOSANITAIRE - RAIZO translated

REVUE D'EPIDEMIOSURVEILLANCE ANIMALE DU RAIZO: BILAN 2006, Page 26, first
column, 5th paragraph, PARATUBERCULOSE translated

From Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics:

The Diagnosis and Management of Crohn's Disease in Populations With High-Risk Rates for
Tuberculosis Posted 07/17/2007 D. Epstein; G. Watermeyer; R. Kirsch /Summary Background
: Distinguishing Crohn's disease from intestinal tuberculosis in endemic areas is challenging as both conditions
have overlapping clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological characteristics. Furthermore, high rates of
latent tuberculosis confer a considerable risk of reactivation once therapy for established Crohn's disease is
started

BREAKING NEWS!!!!!!!

GIACONDA LTD; Giaconda Signs Agreement to Take Myoconda® to Market in Europe Sydney, Australia 19
September 2007. Giaconda Ltd (ASX: GIA) today announced that it has entered a cooperative development agree
ment with Prague Clinical Services, s.r.o. of the Czech Republic to further the development of its lead product, My
oconda®, for the treatment of MAP infection in Crohn’s Disease. Under the terms of the agreement Giaconda
and Prague Clinical Services will collaborate to complete a Phase III clinical study across Europe as well as
regulatory development on Myoconda to enable registration with the Medicines and Healthcare products
Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK.

THE PROOF IS MOUNTING!!!: Read about the link between Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and E. Coli

Winnipeg Free Press: Centre eyes data on bowel disease Sat Jul 28 2007 By Dr. Charles
Bernstein 1. Through updating our analysis and applying the definition, we developed databases in British
Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia. These databases helped us estimate that in 2005 there were
approximately 7,000 Manitobans and 170,000 Canadians with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. This
rate is among the highest reported in the world.

2), Recently, a collaboration between our centre and Dr. Denis Krause of the Faculty of Animal Sciences,
University of Manitoba, discovered a novel type of E. coli more associated with IBD than healthy controls.
If it can be proved that an excess of this E. coli is truly associated with either form of IBD, then specific therapies
can be developed.

3). We have found that tissues from IBD patients carry a type of bug known as E coli that is different than usual
E coli that are widely known to be in the environment. The E coli IBD patients carry is more toxic to the gut
because it releases enzymes that can injure the bowel. Our group is actively pursuing the possibility that this
E coli is an important cause of either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

U.K. Daily Mail: December 13, 2007: Milk bug 'stops our bodies from fighting off Crohn's
disease' Doctors have long claimed that a bug called Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP), which is found
in cattle and some milk, causes Crohn's. But the dairy industry has never accepted the link and researchers had
failed to prove a connection. Now scientists at Liverpool University have identified how MAP weakens the body's
defence mechanism and so allows other harmful bugs, specifically e.coli, to thrive. This e.coli, which is known to
be present within Crohn's disease tissue in increased amounts, is believed to cause inflammation and sickness

MEDICAL NEWS TODAY: December 11, 2007: Bacteria In Cows' Milk May Cause Crohn's
Disease

GASTROENTEROLOGY November 2007: Microbial Mannan Inhibits Bacterial Killing By Macrophages: A Possible
Pathogenic Mechanism for Crohn's Disease: Background & Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) is mimicked by
inherited phagocyte disorders and is associated with circulating antibodies against yeast mannan
(anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody; ASCA). We speculated that mannans might impair phagocyte
function. Methods: S cerevisiae mannan was assessed for its effects on human peripheral blood neutrophils,
adherent monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Results: Mannan caused dose-related
increased survival of CD Escherichia coli HM605 within adherent monocytes from 24%
10.5% (control) to
114%
22.7% with mannan 1 mg/mL at 2 hours (mean
SEM, n  9; P  .0002).

08/07/07 -- ITHACA, N.Y: E. coli Bacteria Linked to Crohn's Disease: A team of Cornell University
scientists from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and the College of Agriculture
and Life Sciences have discovered that a novel group of E. coli bacteria containing genes similar to those
described in uropathogenic and avian pathogenic E. coli and enteropathogenic bacteria such as salmonella,
cholera, bubonic plague is associated with intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease in their
research paper published July 12 by "The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology." The
study found an increased level of *E. coli bacteria in more inflamed areas of the small intestines instead of MAP,
a bacterium related to tubercle bacillus that has been more commonly associated with Crohn's*.

ASCA test is commercially available! In November 1998 issue of American Journal of Gastroenterology
under “What's New in GI” R. L. Young reviewed a paper on ASCA marker in Crohn’s disease (1). There has
been a surge of papers in the past six months (1-3) confirming that Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan
antibodies (ASCA) should be considered as a significant diagnostic tool.

The Truro Daily News, November 23, 2007: Crohn's disease incidence high in Canada Crohn’s
disease and ulcerative colitis are two common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). More than 170,000
Canadians have some form of Crohn’s or colitis. Canada is believed to have one of the highest incidence rates
of the disease in the world.

CLOFAZAMINE

Special Access to Drugs and Health Products

Health Canada, through its Special Access Programme (SAP), allows doctors to gain access to non-marketed
drugs and medical devices that have not yet been approved for sale in Canada. Health Canada is conducting a
Comprehensive Review of the SAP and is soliciting the participation of all interested Canadians. Special Access
Request Form/Instructions for completing the Special Access Request Form

Novartis Patient Assistance Program for U.S. residents. The patient must meet the following criteria to qualify:
Must be a U.S. Resident. Has no health insurance or prescription coverage. Not eligible for Medicaid, ADAP, or
other drug assistance programs. Income eligiblity evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Must provide proof of
income.

CROHN'S AND COLITIS FOUNDATION OF CANADA: Research Scientist Award

These scientists will play a key leadership role in the development of world-class IBD research in Canada, with
protected time for their research and an opportunity to mentor junior investigators and promote collaboration with
others in the field.

Dr. C. Bernstein University of Manitoba 2006-2011

Dr. Wallace MacNaughton University of Calgary 2006-2011

Dr. Karen Madsen University of Alberta 2006-2011

Dr. Stephen Vanner Queen's University 2006-2011

Breaking News and Publications:

PCC Sound Consumer Health & Wellness - Expert advice:

Conquering Crohn’s disease by Judith Lipton, M.D." I believe that if the public becomes aware of MAP and
demands testing and answers, the meat, dairy and medical industries will have no choice but to respond. Public
health measures such as ultrapasteurization, animal vaccination and sanitation may prevent an increasing
Crohn’s epidemic, and antibiotics and vaccination a definitive treatment." Dr. Lipton is a psychiatrist at
Providence Hospital in Seattle. Doctor Lipton was diagnosed with crohn's disease in March 2004. She is presently
crohn's free, due to a four antibiotic combination, as well as vast amounts of probiotics. Please read her story for
additional information. http://www.pccnaturalmarkets.com/sc/0509/sc0509-hw-crohns.html

The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

One of the award recipients, Charles Bernstein FRCPC, has created a population-based database to provide
incidence and prevalence rates of IBD in Manitoba. He is also investigating Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as
a potential cause of Crohn's disease. Future research will include studies of the potential causes of IBD, and
collaboration on provincial database projects to assess IBD incidence and prevalence in Canada

July 25, 2006: Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Human Affairs:

Recent evidence shows the disease is more widely spread than 15 years ago due to increased animal
movement from herd to herd and larger herd sizes. If infection is spreading into more herds where it can spread
to more cows, JD's impact may be on the rise. JD-infected cows, even though not obviously sick, have reduced
milk production and a shorter herd life over time. Another cause for concern is that the organism causing JD in
cows is increasingly being studied for a possible link to Crohn's disease in people. While this association and
the possibility that milk could expose people to infection are unproven, we need to nip this in the bud by curtailing
the spread of infection among dairy cattle.

A New Paradigm For Crohn's Disease: A Call to Action

Mcgill University Center: Visualization of Mycobacterium avium in Crohn's tissue by Oil-Immersion Microscopy

Mcgill University Center: The Evidence for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Crohn's Disease, by Marcel Behr
M.D. and Vivek Kapur

International Journal of Infectious Diseases: Presence of characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies
paratuberculosis from clinical and suspected cases of crohn's disease and in the healthy human population in
India

American Academy of Microbiology Colloquium: Mycobacterium avium Paratuberculosis: Infrequent human
pathogen or Public Health Threat?

Anti-mycobacterial in Crohn's disease heals mucosa with longitudinal scars

The Scotsman Newpaper: Crohn's disease vaccine breakthrough announced KURT BAYER

LANDMARK CROHN'S DISEASE STUDY by Warwick Selby

Koch's Postulates have been met. Please read.

As you read the following articles, the connection between Johne's disease in cattle and Crohn's disease in
humans will become very clear.

The evidence below is really very disturbing, Dr. Kennedy Dalziel, a Crohn's surgeon recognized in 1913, the
similarity between Johne's disease in cattle and crohn's disease in humans. Quoting his words" Dr. Dalziel
pointed out in his paper that though to the naked eye the diseases were identical, the lack of bacilli made them
very different." In otherwords the only difference was the fact that he could not see the bacilli in humans as he
could in cattle.

Once again in 1932. Dr. Burrill Bernard Crohn also believed that the two diseases, Johne's in cattle and Crohn's
in humans were caused by the same pathogen, but he was unable to isolate the pathogen, as Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis sheds its cellular in humans and takes the form of a spheroplast.

Considering in 1913, Dr. Kennedy Dalziel and Dr. Burrill Crohn in 1932 could not see this pathogen, called
mycobacterium paratuberculosis, due to the lack of technology,. Dr Dalziel and Dr. Crohn could not possibly
have met the criteria for Koch's postulates, hence, Dr. Crohn ruled crohn's an autoimmune disease, not an
infectious one.

In 1984, a microbiologist, Dr. Rodrick Chiodini, demonstrated that mycobacterium . paratuberculosis sheds its
cell wall in humans, and takes a new form, called a spheroblast. In a landmark study, Dr. Chiodini cultured
Mycobacteria from children infected with Crohn's.

Since that time, many renowned crohn's researchers have isolated and grown the same bacterium,
mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and over the years doctors have met Koch's Postulates over, and over again.
Now the question is, when is this situation going to be resolved. When is this crisis going to be put on the front
burner.

Millions of people are suffering everyday. They wake up every morning and have to struggle through another
day. , Please email me at dianef84@yahoo.com, please help!!!

The Government is there, because we put it there, we have to wake them up. Pressure is the only way. Our
Government has to know that we want something done, or nothing will get done.

PLEASE READ THE ARTICLES BELOW, AS THEY RELATE TO THE ABOVE NOTE:

Koch's Postulates

Koch was one of the original researchers into tuberculosis, in the 19th century. In an attempt to define what an
infectious disease actually is, he formulated his famous postulates, which now bears his name.

Basically, if

1. An organism can be isolated from a host suffering from the disease and

2. The organism can be cultured in the laboratory and

3. The organism causes the same disease when introduced into another host and

4. The organism can be re-isolated from that host then

The organism is the cause of the disease and the disease is an infectious disease. There is an implicit
assumption in step three, namely that the other host must have a genetic make-up that causes it to react to the
organism in the same way as the original host. Also, these steps do not apply to all infectious disease. Notably,
the bacterium causing leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, cannot be cultured in the laboratory. However, leprosy is
still recognised as an infectious disease. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: http://alan.kennedy.name/crohns/PRIMER/koch.htm This page written and maintained by Alan Kennedy
Follow this link to the top level page. Related Information --------------------------------------------------------------------
------------ Some Bacteria of Medical Importance

The First Diagnosis

In 1913, Dr. Kennedy Dalziel recognized and classified the identifying symptoms that make Crohn's a unique
diagnosis. Having witnessed the debilitating affect on many of his patients, the Scottish surgeon searched for a
cause and found none. Dr. Dalziel noticed a similarity in his patients' complaints to that of a disease discovered
in cattle in 1895 by a German doctor named H.A. Johne (pronounced yo-neez). The cattle disease, called
Johne's disease, was different from the human patients in that there were found acid-fast bacilli, or bacteria,
known to cause the symptoms. Dr. Dalziel pointed out in his paper that though to the naked eye the diseases
were identical, the lack of bacilli made them very different. "In many cases the absence of acid-fast bacilli would
suggest a clear distinction, but the histological characters are so similar as to justify a proposition that the
disease may be the same." Though he was never able to find the etiology of the disease, he fully expected
that it would soon be forthcoming. http://www.crohnshelp.com/disease/crohnshistory.htm . To read the entire
article please go to CrohnsHelp

Burrill Bernard Crohn

In 1932, Dr. Crohn and his two colleagues, Dr. Leon Ginzburg and Dr. Gordon D. Oppenheimer, published an
important paper describing the features of the then relatively unknown condition. They described fourteen cases
, characterizing Crohn's disease as "Terminal Ileitis: A new clinical entity"; the description was changed to
"Regional ileitis" on publication. It is by virtue of alphabetization rather than contribution that Crohn's name
appeared as first author: because this was the first time the condition was reported in a widely-read journal,
and the disease has come to be known as Crohn's Disease for reasons of publicity rather than precedence.

At the time he described the disease, Crohn was a practitioner and usually admitted his patients to the Mount
Sinai Hospital in New York for their operations. Crohn gradually became more attached to the Mount Sinai
Hospital, where he worked with the neurologist Bernard Sachs (1858-1944). There he soon built a very large
and successful reception for patients with granulomatous enterocolitis and eventually was made chief of the
department of gastroenterology. As such he was highly respected through all of his professional career and
received numerous patients from all over the USA, some even from Europe.

Some of his initial research into the causes of the disease was centered around his personal conviction that it
was caused by the same pathogen, a bacterium called Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, responsible for the
similar condition that afflicts cattle called Johne's disease. However he was unable to isolate the pathogen (most
likely due to the fact that M. paratuberculosis sheds its cellular wall in humans and takes the form of a
spheroplast, making it virtually undetectable under optical microscope).

ASM NEWS:

Microbes and Emerging Infections: the Compulsion To Become Something New Microbiologists
are advised to respect Koch's postulates while surveying for emerging and reemerging agents of
infectious disease Richard M. Krause

A Review of the Evidence for a Link between Exposure to Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis (MAP)
and Crohn’s Disease (CD) in Humans

WORLDNET DAILY Crohn's disease, sick cows and contaminated milk by Chris Bennett

Crohn's was unknown until the early 1900s when two very similar diseases were described: one in domestic
animals called Johne's disease and one in humans named after the physician who first wrote about it, Dr.
Burrill Crohn. Dr. H.A. Johne was the first to describe the disease in cattle. What became know as Johne's
disease is characterized by profuse and intractable diarrhea, severe weight loss and diagnostic changes in the
lining of the small intestine. In diseased cattle, the intestine has so many ulcers, the surface of the intestines,
normally smooth, is described as having a cobblestone appearance. Untreated Crohn's disease is also
characterized by profuse and intractable diarrhea, severe weight loss and diagnostic changes in the lining of the
small intestine. In diseased humans, the intestines are also described as having a cobblestone appearance.

By the 1930s, Johne's disease was found to be caused by an odd bacteria named Mycobacteria
paratuberculosis. This organism is in the same family with bacteria which cause tuberculosis and leprosy.
M. paratuberculosis produces disease by over stimulating the immune system. The bacterium lives inside the
cells of the host, where it divides only once about every 2 to 12 hours. (By way of contrast, the bacteria in the
gut divides about once every 20 minutes.) There are no toxins or poisons produced by the bacteria. Disease
happens when the immune system recognizes the "foreign" proteins of the bacteria, even inside a living cell and
mounts a furious attack. The immune "attack" focuses on the infected cells in the mucosal layer of the digestive
system. Massive inflammation results, as well as ulcers, diarrhea and weight loss. The disease is known to pass
from cow to calf, as infected cows shed millions of active bacteria into their milk. The infected animals also pass
the infection to healthy animals by food contaminated by diarrhea. Factory farming methods where larger and
larger herds are grazed on smaller and smaller plots of land further increase the potential for infection. Infected
animals are known to lose over 300 pounds per week, mostly from massive diarrhea. Fecal material from
infected cows contain as much as 1 trillion bacteria per gram. Infected cows spray fecal material everywhere,
including over their udders and on nearby cows where the material contaminates milk.

Infected cows also pass the bacteria directly into milk in millions of bacteria per gram. Sadly, in today's factory

farms, milk from sick cows and milk from healthy cows is pooled together and then trucked to the milk processor

, where it is piped into cartons and then sold at the local market. A 1997 USDA study showed that that the
number of herds infected is increasing, and that at least 20 percent – and as many as 40 percent – of U.S.
dairy herds were positive for M. paratuberculosis. Interestingly, the incidence of Crohn's disease is also
increasing, at roughly the same rate as Johne's. The United States now has the highest incidence (new cases)
of Crohn's disease in the world. M. paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease

In the 1930s and 40s, Dr. Crohn was convinced that the human disease was virtually the same as the disease
in cattle. But despite repeated trials, he couldn't isolate m. paratuberculosis from human tissue. Also, the
bacteria could not be detected in diseased human tissue using a light microscope. In cattle, the bacteria grows
a special cell wall which is easily stained and readily visible in microscopy. In infected cattle, researchers could
see swarms of bacteria under the microscope. In humans, they could see none. Even though the progress of
the two diseases was extraordinarily similar, without an organism they could either see or culture, Dr. Crohn
and other researchers were forced to conclude that the Crohn's disease was caused by an unknown
autoimmune process.

The mystery was resolved in 1984, when a microbiologist at Brown's University, Dr. Rodrick Chiodini,
demonstrated that m. paratuberculosis sheds its cell wall in humans, and takes a new form, called a spheroblast.
In a landmark study, Dr. Chiodini cultured Mycobacteria from children infected with Crohn's. Dr. Chiodini's
effort was extraordinary. Mycobacteria are very difficult to cultivate. Special media are required and months
of incubation, since the organism divides only once or twice a day. M. paratuberculosis is in the same family
with the organisms which causes leprosy and tuberculosis. In the case of Mycobacteria leprae, the organism
which causes leprosy, the only way to grow the bacteria (believe it or not) is in the foot pads of a special s
pecies of mice or in the nine banded armadillo. It just won't grow in outside of a very narrow band of living hosts.

Even with the difficulties in cultivation, labs were able to isolate M. paratuberculosis from Crohn's patients in
California, Texas, France, The Netherlands, Australia, England and the Czech Republic. In 1987, using DNA
probes similar to the techniques used to identify forensic cases, researchers in England looked at tissue
samples from Crohn's patients and compared them with patients with ulcerative colitis. Sixty-five percent of the
samples from Crohn's patients were positive for m. paratuberculosis, compared with 4 percent of the control.
Dr. Herman-Taylor, who led the research effort, was convinced at the time that with better lab technique, over
90 percent of the samples should have been positive.

In 2002, Dr. Herman-Taylor performed a similar survey, with a larger group of samples, and with improved lab
techniques. This time, 92 percent of the samples from Crohn's patients were positive for M. paratuberculosis.
Further establishing the causative link, M. paratuberculosis isolated from Crohn's patients was found to cause
a similar disease when fed to farm animals. I wish I could report that the Food and Drug Administration, the
USDA and the U.S. Animal Health Association is responding to the health implications of contaminated milk,
but to date, there has been little funding and minimal response from agencies of the U.S. government, whose
main responsibility is the health and welfare of its citizens. Despite convincing evidence (only a small portion is
presented here), the agencies tasked with funding research and advocating disease treatment are essentially
ignoring advocates for bacterial Crohn's, even while dramatic increases in the number of new cases are
occurring, especially in those under 30, and a coincident increase in the number of very sick cows infected
with paratuberculosis are seen in factory farms. To read the entire article please go to WorldNet Daily

RISE IN CROHN'S DISASE

Over a Half a Million Persons May Have Crohn's Disease In The United States

HEALTH; Baffling Rise of Intestinal Disorder in the Young E-MAIL Print Save Share Del.icio.usDiggFacebook
NewsvinePermalinkBy HAROLD M. SCHMECK JR., SPECIAL TO THE NEW YORK TIMES Published:
December 1, 1988

Reasons for Emergence Evolving ecology and changing human behavior, such as migration, recreation, work,
and culture, influence human exposures to the infectious determinants of chronic as well as acute illnesses
(1,2). Microbial virulence factors, wildlife behavioral traits, zoonotic infections, and the environment all converge
to determine both the infectious capacity of potential pathogens and the likelihood of human exposure.
Superimposed on human genetics and biology, the milieu shapes individual and population risk profiles for the
causal infections agents and their chronic sequelae (7,14,21). Over recent years, the powerful tools of
molecular biology, particularly PCR, plus advances in immunologic and other techniques, have exposed new
causal links by detecting difficult-to-culture and novel agents in chronic disease settings. Microbes can now
be irrefutably linked to pathology without meeting Koch's postulates, Hill's epidemiologic criteria, or even the
revised criteria of Hill and Evans (22)

Crohn's and Colitis Foundation: Researchers Measure Rate of Crohn's and Colitis in Manitoba Spring 2000
Drs. C Bernstein; Blanshard J The Journal, CCFC

300% Rise in Crohn's Disease Is Linked to Cattle Sunday Mail, March 30, 2003 by MARION SCOTT
EXCLUSIVE

The mysterious rise in crohn's disease cases in Northern countries

INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT CROHN'S MAY BE AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Centers for Disease Control: Potential Infectious Etiologies of Crohn's Disease

December 28, 2007 : Infectious Agents in Pediatric Crohn's This study has been completed. Objectives:
Improve the methods to collect biopsies from the colon and ileum, tissue storage techniques and best methods
to detect specific infections in children with Crohn's disease; Determine if there are specific infectious agents
that are more common in children with Crohn's disease, and; Determine if there are types of children with
Crohn's disease (e.g., children living in Boston, African American children) who may be more at risk for getting
the infections

Occurrence of Crohn's disease in married couples Based on published disease prevalence data and number
of married couples according to the latest census, researchers were able to calculate expected incidence, and
conclude that the number is greater than expected by chance.

Clustering in Crohn's disease Aisenberg J; Janowitz HD Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai School of
Medicine of the City University of New York, New York 10029. J Clin Gastroenterol, 1993 Jul, 17:1, 18-20

AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF CROHN’S DISEASE IN TWO FRENCH FAMILIES HJ Van Kruiningen, JF Colombel,
RW Cartun, RH Whitlock, M Koopmans, HO Kangro, JA Hoogkamp-Korstanje, M Lecomte-Houcke, M Devred
and JC Paris; Department of Pathobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Gastroenterology, Vol 104,
351-360, 1993

Studies supporting infectious etiology of Crohn's disease DIFFERENT INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY
PATTERNS IN RELATIVES AND SPOUSES OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE: AN INHERITED
DEFECT IN MUCOSAL DEFENCE? J D Söderholm, G Olaison, E Lindberg, U Hannestad, A Vindels,
C Tysk, G Järnerot, R Sjödahl. Gut 1999;44:96–100

Is it mildly communicable

ARCH GASTROENTEROHEPATOL 2000: 19 ( No 2 – 3 ):Female workforce participation, use of oral
contraceptives, and the sex ratio of crohn's disease incidence

Continued Page 2....3....4.....5

Disclaimer:
MAP-Canada does not advocate a particular cause of Crohn's disease.  Our website is intended only to present evidence.  Our readers may draw
their own conclusions.  We are not medical specialists and do not offer any treatment or nutritional advice.  Our mission is not to lay blame on any
individual or industry, but rather to urge the Government of Canada to address the evidence presented on this site.

Mise au Point:
MAP-Canada ne recommande aucune théorie particulière sur la cause de la maladie de Crohn.L'intente de notre site Web est simplement de
présenter certaineévidence mais vous pouvez arriver à vos propres conclusions.Nous ne pouvons donner de conseils de nature médicale ou
alimentaire. Notre mission ne consiste aucunement à blâmer un individuou une industrie mais plutôt à s'assurer que le Gouvernement du Canada
aborde l'évidence que nous présenton

....................................................................................................................................................................
.MAP-Canada would like to extend a very sincere thank you to Yanik Chicoine at www.yanik.com for his
generosity and assistance in the hosting and the mounting of this site.

MAP-Canada aimerait remercier sincèrement Yanik Chicoine a www.mirweb.com pour sons générosité et
sons assistance pour l'hébergement et la programation du site.